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Champagne viticulture is a matter of precision and passion, where every detail counts. Two particular techniques play a crucial role in the production of these world-renowned sparkling wines: massal selection and clonal selection.
Massal selection is a traditional technique that consists of identifying the vines bearing the best fruit. These plants are then used for propagation, ensuring that desirable characteristics are retained in future generations of vines. This method preserves genetic diversity within the vineyard, which is essential for wine resilience and complexity. In Champagne, this technique has enabled winemakers to produce wines with a variety of flavors and aromas that reflect the region's unique terroir.
Clonal selection, on the other hand, involves reproducing vine plants from a single individual, or clone. This technique ensures optimum sanitary quality and uniformity in the vineyard.
In Champagne, around 50 clones of the three Champagne grape varieties (Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier and Chardonnay) have been approved after several decades of selection work. These clones are pre-multiplied by the Comité Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne (CIVC), which also distributes certified grafts.
These two selection techniques have a direct impact on the quality of Champagne wine. Massal selection contributes to the complexity and diversity of flavors, while clonal selection ensures consistent quality.
Ultimately, massal and clonal selection in Champagne is a perfect example of how science and tradition can work together to create something truly exceptional.
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